True, but you still have to be certified as an IPES (Interconnected VOIP provider) to get a STIR/SHAKEN certificate so you have to apply to the FCC for that piece. MARY LOU CAREY BackUP Telecom Consulting Office: 615-791-9969 Cell: 615-796-1111 On 2020-09-09 08:50 AM, Dave Frigen wrote:

FYI, you do not need your own number pool to apply for STIR/SAHKEN. You can use your wholesale provider?s credentials for numbering pool requirement. Talk to iconective (PA/Policy Administrator) for details.

Dave

From: VoiceOps <voiceops-bounces at voiceops.org> On Behalf Of Zilk, David Sent: Tuesday, September 8, 2020 4:20 PM To: voiceops at voiceops.org Subject: [VoiceOps] More Question about routing

Having come into telephony from the data networking end, rather than from a PSTN telephony background, where would one find a good basic to detailed tutorial of how routing of VoIP calls into the PSTN and vice versa works?

I have so far only been involved with routing from our SIP platform to and from wholesale service providers, and have not yet had to manage our own numbers and peering. With STIR/SHAKEN we may need to get into that, and I need to get up to speed.

Thanks,

David

From: VoiceOps [mailto:voiceops-bounces at voiceops.org] On Behalf Of Richard Jobson Sent: Tuesday, September 8, 2020 12:44 PM To: Glen Gerhard <glen at cognexus.net>; voiceops at voiceops.org Subject: Re: [VoiceOps] Question about SS7 routing

Hi Ross

So in your original email you were wondering about the role of MTP, the layer 3 protocol. This keeps tabs on the point codes. If you are troubleshooting down to the SS7 messages (MSU?s), SLTM?s & SLTA?s tell you what point codes those links are reaching.

The Global Title Translation uses the SCCP/SS7 protocol when connecting to IXC.

Local Number Portability uses AIN/TCAP to dip the database to determine the LRN. But many SS7 operations just troubleshoot this by looking at the ISUP protocol where the original calling Party number (CGN) appears in the Generic Address Part GAP and the LRN in the called party number (CDN) field.

Cheers

Richard

From: VoiceOps <voiceops-bounces at voiceops.org> on behalf of Glen Gerhard <glen at cognexus.net> Date: Tuesday, September 8, 2020 at 11:47 AM To: <voiceops at voiceops.org> Subject: Re: [VoiceOps] Question about SS7 routing

Hi Ross,

Unless you have an SS7 trunk to an ILEC you don't need to worry much about the Point Code. For SIP traffic you just dip the call and route on the LRN.

The Point Code itself is a special format that is assigned to you when you set up your SS7 capable switch. Unless you have one of them you never need to worry about it.

========

ANSI Point Codes ANSI point codes are made up of three groups of digits called the network indicator (NI), network cluster (NC), and network cluster member (NCM). The values for ANSI point codes depends on the value of the pctype parameter of the chg-sid command, either ansi or other. If the pctype parameter is set to ansi, the ANSI rules for the ANSI point code are used to define the point code. The range of values for an ANSI point code with the pctype=ansi parameter are:

NI ? 001-255 NC ? 001-255 (if ni = 001-005) or 000-255, * (if ni = 006-255) NCM ? 000-255, * The pctype=other parameter specifies that the ANSI point codes do not meet ANSI standards. The range of values for ANSI point codes with the pctype=other parameter are:

NI ? 000-255 NC ? 000-255, * NCM ? 000-255, * The asterisk (*) point code value indicates a single cluster address for a cluster point code (for example, 20-2-*) or a network routing destination (21-*-*). for more information on cluster point codes, see the Cluster Routing and Management Diversity (CRMD) section. For more information on network routing point codes, see the Network Routing section.

A double asterisk (**) and triple asterisk (***) can also be used for the NC and NCM fields of the ANSI point code, but for only the rtrv-dstn, rept-stat-dstn, rtrv-rte, and rept-stat-rte commands.

A double asterisk in the NCM field of a point code (for example, 20-2-**) produces a summary report that shows all point code destinations or routes residing in the given cluster (20-2). This does not include the cluster point code, if the cluster point code (for example, 20-2-*) is provisioned. The following examples (rtrv-dstn and rtrv-rte) are reports generated using two asterisks in the NCM field of a point code. =======

~Glen

On 9/3/2020 10:55 AM, Mary Lou Carey wrote:

...

I'll try to make this as short and sweet as possible even though it's pretty complicated. Point Codes are the 10 digit addresses for a particular switch and LRNs are the 10 digit addresses for a particular connection point that switch is associated with. In the PSTN world, all connections are dedicated and implemented by LATA / Tandem area for Local / IntraLATA traffic. When you get your first NPA-NXX for a LATA / tandem area, you enter it in the LERG (National Routing Database) and populate the tandems (Local, IntraLATA and FGD) that you are connecting to. Then you assign a 10 digit phone number from your NXX block to be your LRN. You add that to both the LERG and NPAC (National Porting Database).

Once you've published all your switch information in the LERG and NPAC, then you establish your ISUP trunks with each ILEC you're interconnecting with. You can set up additional trunks with other carriers if you want a cheaper option for routing traffic, but the minimum required is the ILEC. Each carrier's switch will have a distinct point code associated with it so you'll order ISUP trunks to each switch (point code route) you need to be connected to. You'll also associate the distinct LRN for that LATA / carrier tandem area with that trunk group. Usually there's multiple trunk groups per LATA / tandem area so you'll program your routing tables with the NPA-NXXs each trunk group serves. That way when a customer originates a call, your switch can do the LNP dip to find the LRN and send it over the route that the NPA-NXX of the LRN is associated with. Routing tables can get complicated depending on how many carriers you're connected to. Companies that operate in more than one ILEC area or LATA usually purchase Least Cost Routing software so they can send their originating traffic out over the cheapest route.

IXC traffic is routed a little differently because it is routed by CIC (4 digit code that identifies the IXC) rather than by NPA-NXX. They connect to all the ILEC carriers just like the CLECs do, but they populate their routing information in the SMS database instead of the NPAC database. Once the call is dipped, the traffic is delivered in pretty much the same way.....by dedicated trunk group / tandem area.

MARY LOU CAREY BackUP Telecom Consulting Office: 615-791-9969 Cell: 615-796-1111

On 2020-09-02 04:46 PM, Ross Tajvar wrote:

...

Hi all,

I'm trying to understand how routing works in SS7-land. I am familiar with portability, and I know (at least in the US) the first step in routing a call is doing an LNP dip to get the LRN.

However, it looks like addresses in MTP3 are "point codes" (PCs) which are assigned to switches. Calls are set up with ISDN-UP, which is transported via MTP3. So in order for a call to be set up, the destination switch's PC must be known. How is the destination PC determined from the destination LRN?

Thanks, Ross _______________________________________________ VoiceOps mailing list VoiceOps at voiceops.org https://puck.nether.net/mailman/listinfo/voiceops [1]

_______________________________________________ VoiceOps mailing list VoiceOps at voiceops.org https://puck.nether.net/mailman/listinfo/voiceops [1]

--

Glen Gerhard

glen at cognexus.net

858.324.4536

Cognexus, LLC

7891 Avenida Kirjah

San Diego, CA 92037

_______________________________________________ VoiceOps mailing list VoiceOps at voiceops.org https://puck.nether.net/mailman/listinfo/voiceops

-------------------------

This message and any attachments are intended only for the use of the addressee and may contain information that is privileged and confidential. If the reader of the message is not the intended recipient or an authorized representative of the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination of this communication is strictly prohibited. If you have received this communication in error, notify the sender immediately by return email and delete the message and any attachments from your system.

Links: ------ [1] https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__puck.nether.net_mailman_listinfo_voiceops&d=DwMFaQ&c=N13-TaG7c-EYAiUNohBk74oLRjUiBTwVm-KSnr4bPSc&r=VcRLyVxkyGds34uxiPM944HQvaWq-nynyZXfNpSfhOs&m=lSYJuWWkYAlbnO78O2t9H5EFCSIB6SJj1gm-aOb9Fdo&s=3SjT12Q2cxk_W6Sobks1FC_1xSqAsJ07kA4ehuB4fRY&e= _______________________________________________ VoiceOps mailing list VoiceOps at voiceops.org https://puck.nether.net/mailman/listinfo/voiceops

Brett at the STI-GA told me the same thing. To get your Federal or State Permission you either have to apply to the FCC to get your IPES Numbering Authorization or you have to apply to each state to be certified as a CLEC. I don't know why they had to muddy the waters by stating you needed authority to get numbering resources from the pooling administration when the requirement was really to have an FCC authorization or State Certification. As with most things in Telecom, certain players in the industry go to great lengths to make even the simplest tasks seem difficult just so new companies will be discouraged from entering the market. Those players will go unnamed, but it's not the iconectiv people! MARY LOU CAREY BackUP Telecom Consulting Office: 615-791-9969 Cell: 615-796-1111 On 2020-09-09 10:50 AM, Dave Frigen wrote:

OK, hot off the press from ATIS, the U.S. SHAKEN General Authority?.

Nothing has changed in the STIR/SHAKEN application process. Each service provider (SP) will need to apply through the PA to be able to participate in the SHAKEN ecosystem. The FCC is recently concerned because several providers using wholesale number pools to operate today are now applying for numbers out of the national pool.

Actually acquiring numbers out of the national pool is not necessary. The only current numbering pool requirement is that you are a national or state registered SP that HAS ACCESS TO NATIONAL NUMBER POOLS (you don?t actually need to possess any of your own numbers?..continue to use wholesale resources to operate).

So in closing, you do not need your own phone numbers to operate. You just need federal or state permission to access the national number pool as one of the credentials and qualifiers to become a registered SP with the PA.

Dave

From: VoiceOps <voiceops-bounces at voiceops.org> On Behalf Of Zilk, David Sent: Tuesday, September 8, 2020 4:20 PM To: voiceops at voiceops.org Subject: [VoiceOps] More Question about routing

Having come into telephony from the data networking end, rather than from a PSTN telephony background, where would one find a good basic to detailed tutorial of how routing of VoIP calls into the PSTN and vice versa works?

I have so far only been involved with routing from our SIP platform to and from wholesale service providers, and have not yet had to manage our own numbers and peering. With STIR/SHAKEN we may need to get into that, and I need to get up to speed.

Thanks,

David

From: VoiceOps [mailto:voiceops-bounces at voiceops.org] On Behalf Of Richard Jobson Sent: Tuesday, September 8, 2020 12:44 PM To: Glen Gerhard <glen at cognexus.net>; voiceops at voiceops.org Subject: Re: [VoiceOps] Question about SS7 routing

Hi Ross

So in your original email you were wondering about the role of MTP, the layer 3 protocol. This keeps tabs on the point codes. If you are troubleshooting down to the SS7 messages (MSU?s), SLTM?s & SLTA?s tell you what point codes those links are reaching.

The Global Title Translation uses the SCCP/SS7 protocol when connecting to IXC.

Local Number Portability uses AIN/TCAP to dip the database to determine the LRN. But many SS7 operations just troubleshoot this by looking at the ISUP protocol where the original calling Party number (CGN) appears in the Generic Address Part GAP and the LRN in the called party number (CDN) field.

Cheers

Richard

From: VoiceOps <voiceops-bounces at voiceops.org> on behalf of Glen Gerhard <glen at cognexus.net> Date: Tuesday, September 8, 2020 at 11:47 AM To: <voiceops at voiceops.org> Subject: Re: [VoiceOps] Question about SS7 routing

Hi Ross,

Unless you have an SS7 trunk to an ILEC you don't need to worry much about the Point Code. For SIP traffic you just dip the call and route on the LRN.

The Point Code itself is a special format that is assigned to you when you set up your SS7 capable switch. Unless you have one of them you never need to worry about it.

========

ANSI Point Codes ANSI point codes are made up of three groups of digits called the network indicator (NI), network cluster (NC), and network cluster member (NCM). The values for ANSI point codes depends on the value of the pctype parameter of the chg-sid command, either ansi or other. If the pctype parameter is set to ansi, the ANSI rules for the ANSI point code are used to define the point code. The range of values for an ANSI point code with the pctype=ansi parameter are:

NI ? 001-255 NC ? 001-255 (if ni = 001-005) or 000-255, * (if ni = 006-255) NCM ? 000-255, * The pctype=other parameter specifies that the ANSI point codes do not meet ANSI standards. The range of values for ANSI point codes with the pctype=other parameter are:

NI ? 000-255 NC ? 000-255, * NCM ? 000-255, * The asterisk (*) point code value indicates a single cluster address for a cluster point code (for example, 20-2-*) or a network routing destination (21-*-*). for more information on cluster point codes, see the Cluster Routing and Management Diversity (CRMD) section. For more information on network routing point codes, see the Network Routing section.

A double asterisk (**) and triple asterisk (***) can also be used for the NC and NCM fields of the ANSI point code, but for only the rtrv-dstn, rept-stat-dstn, rtrv-rte, and rept-stat-rte commands.

A double asterisk in the NCM field of a point code (for example, 20-2-**) produces a summary report that shows all point code destinations or routes residing in the given cluster (20-2). This does not include the cluster point code, if the cluster point code (for example, 20-2-*) is provisioned. The following examples (rtrv-dstn and rtrv-rte) are reports generated using two asterisks in the NCM field of a point code. =======

~Glen

On 9/3/2020 10:55 AM, Mary Lou Carey wrote:

...

I'll try to make this as short and sweet as possible even though it's pretty complicated. Point Codes are the 10 digit addresses for a particular switch and LRNs are the 10 digit addresses for a particular connection point that switch is associated with. In the PSTN world, all connections are dedicated and implemented by LATA / Tandem area for Local / IntraLATA traffic. When you get your first NPA-NXX for a LATA / tandem area, you enter it in the LERG (National Routing Database) and populate the tandems (Local, IntraLATA and FGD) that you are connecting to. Then you assign a 10 digit phone number from your NXX block to be your LRN. You add that to both the LERG and NPAC (National Porting Database).

Once you've published all your switch information in the LERG and NPAC, then you establish your ISUP trunks with each ILEC you're interconnecting with. You can set up additional trunks with other carriers if you want a cheaper option for routing traffic, but the minimum required is the ILEC. Each carrier's switch will have a distinct point code associated with it so you'll order ISUP trunks to each switch (point code route) you need to be connected to. You'll also associate the distinct LRN for that LATA / carrier tandem area with that trunk group. Usually there's multiple trunk groups per LATA / tandem area so you'll program your routing tables with the NPA-NXXs each trunk group serves. That way when a customer originates a call, your switch can do the LNP dip to find the LRN and send it over the route that the NPA-NXX of the LRN is associated with. Routing tables can get complicated depending on how many carriers you're connected to. Companies that operate in more than one ILEC area or LATA usually purchase Least Cost Routing software so they can send their originating traffic out over the cheapest route.

IXC traffic is routed a little differently because it is routed by CIC (4 digit code that identifies the IXC) rather than by NPA-NXX. They connect to all the ILEC carriers just like the CLECs do, but they populate their routing information in the SMS database instead of the NPAC database. Once the call is dipped, the traffic is delivered in pretty much the same way.....by dedicated trunk group / tandem area.

MARY LOU CAREY BackUP Telecom Consulting Office: 615-791-9969 Cell: 615-796-1111

On 2020-09-02 04:46 PM, Ross Tajvar wrote:

...

Hi all,

I'm trying to understand how routing works in SS7-land. I am familiar with portability, and I know (at least in the US) the first step in routing a call is doing an LNP dip to get the LRN.

However, it looks like addresses in MTP3 are "point codes" (PCs) which are assigned to switches. Calls are set up with ISDN-UP, which is transported via MTP3. So in order for a call to be set up, the destination switch's PC must be known. How is the destination PC determined from the destination LRN?

Thanks, Ross _______________________________________________ VoiceOps mailing list VoiceOps at voiceops.org https://puck.nether.net/mailman/listinfo/voiceops [1]

_______________________________________________ VoiceOps mailing list VoiceOps at voiceops.org https://puck.nether.net/mailman/listinfo/voiceops [1]

--

Glen Gerhard

glen at cognexus.net

858.324.4536

Cognexus, LLC

7891 Avenida Kirjah

San Diego, CA 92037

_______________________________________________ VoiceOps mailing list VoiceOps at voiceops.org https://puck.nether.net/mailman/listinfo/voiceops

-------------------------

This message and any attachments are intended only for the use of the addressee and may contain information that is privileged and confidential. If the reader of the message is not the intended recipient or an authorized representative of the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination of this communication is strictly prohibited. If you have received this communication in error, notify the sender immediately by return email and delete the message and any attachments from your system.

Links: ------ [1] https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__puck.nether.net_mailman_listinfo_voiceops&d=DwMFaQ&c=N13-TaG7c-EYAiUNohBk74oLRjUiBTwVm-KSnr4bPSc&r=VcRLyVxkyGds34uxiPM944HQvaWq-nynyZXfNpSfhOs&m=lSYJuWWkYAlbnO78O2t9H5EFCSIB6SJj1gm-aOb9Fdo&s=3SjT12Q2cxk_W6Sobks1FC_1xSqAsJ07kA4ehuB4fRY&e= _______________________________________________ VoiceOps mailing list VoiceOps at voiceops.org https://puck.nether.net/mailman/listinfo/voiceops

On Wed, Sep 9, 2020 at 4:45 PM Alex Balashov <abalashov at evaristesys.com> wrote:

On 9/9/20 12:19 PM, Mary Lou Carey wrote:

...

stating you needed authority to get numbering resources from the pooling administration

Am I wrong to think this is going to hit the VoIP/SIP trunking industry like a bomb?

While the FCC did make possible direct ownership of number resources by VoIP companies a few years ago, as far as I know, a very small percentage of the industry has filed for an IPES OCN. It's complicated, getting numbers routed this way is complicated, and most SIP providers prefer to leverage the origination footprint of their underlying carriers/LECs, at least as far as I know.

Even if one doesn't order any numbers, it sounds like one has to have an IPES OCN to have a STIR/SHAKEN certificate. Isn't that going to leave most interconnected VoIP providers scrambling to get an IPES OCN? As far as I know, 95%+ of the industry don't have one...

Or am I badly misinformed?

Alex - You are correct, in fact it will be worse. Since everyone will be able to get their own numbers, a lot of carriers will. That will make porting even harder then ever it was before. You will have tens of thousands of porting departments to deal with....